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1.
Protein & Cell ; (12): 586-600, 2016.
Article in English | WPRIM | ID: wpr-757400

ABSTRACT

Studies on coat protein I (COPI) have contributed to a basic understanding of how coat proteins generate vesicles to initiate intracellular transport. The core component of the COPI complex is coatomer, which is a multimeric complex that needs to be recruited from the cytosol to membrane in order to function in membrane bending and cargo sorting. Previous structural studies on the clathrin adaptors have found that membrane recruitment induces a large conformational change in promoting their role in cargo sorting. Here, pursuing negative-stain electron microscopy coupled with single-particle analyses, and also performing CXMS (chemical cross-linking coupled with mass spectrometry) for validation, we have reconstructed the structure of coatomer in its soluble form. When compared to the previously elucidated structure of coatomer in its membrane-bound form we do not observe a large conformational change. Thus, the result uncovers a key difference between how COPI versus clathrin coats are regulated by membrane recruitment.


Subject(s)
Animals , Humans , Rats , ADP-Ribosylation Factor 1 , Chemistry , Metabolism , Coatomer Protein , Chemistry , Metabolism , Cytosol , Chemistry , Metabolism , GTPase-Activating Proteins , Chemistry , Metabolism , Membranes, Artificial
2.
Iatreia ; 21(3): 292-306, sept. 2008. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-506623

ABSTRACT

Las autorrenovación y la diferenciación son características de las células madre que varían entre los diferentes tipos celulares según el tejido en el que se encuentren y el microambiente que las rodee. En ambos procesos intervienen inhibidores del ciclo celular, genes implicados en rearreglos cromosómicos, proteínas del desarrollo esencial y vías de señalización específicas. La autorrenovación está regulada por diversos mecanismos, entre los cuales se destacan las vías Wnt, Notch y Hedgehog, y los factores BMI-1, p16Ink4a, ARF, NANOG, OCT3/4, SOX2, HOXB4 y sus páralogos. Los adelantos en el conocimiento de la biología de las células madre y de los mecanismos moleculares que regulan la autorrenovación y la diferenciación han convertido a estas células en una importante promesa para la investigación básica y aplicada.


Self-renewal capacity and differentiation are features of stem cells that vary among the different cellular types according to the tissue in which they reside and the surroundingmicroenvironment. Cellular cycle inhibitors, genes implied in chromosomal rearrangements, essential development proteins and specific signaling pathways intervene in these processes. Self-renewal is regulated by different mechanisms, the most important of which are the Wnt, Notch and Hedgehogpathways, and the factors BMI-1, p16Ink4a, ARF, NANOG, OCT3/4, SOX2, HOXB4 and their paralogs. Advancesin the knowledge of stem cells biology and of the molecular mechanisms that influence their selfrenewal and differentiation have made these cellsan important promise for both basic and applied research.


Subject(s)
Stem Cells , Cell Differentiation , ADP-Ribosylation Factor 1 , Transcription Factors/physiology
3.
Rev. invest. clín ; 53(4): 340-345, jul.-ago. 2001. ilus, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-314464

ABSTRACT

Se moduló la actividad patogénica de Escherichia coli TL+ (termolábil) y la subunidad A de la toxina de V. cholerae (ADPribosil-transferasa) utilizando fracciones proteicas aisladas de G. intestinalis, así como un péptido sintético, obtenido de la secuencia de la proteína ARF (Factor de ribosilación) de Giardia intestinalis, esta reacción enzimática "in vitro" fue demostrada "in vivo". Material y Métodos: De 1X109 trofozoitos de Giardia intestinalis cepa Portland I se obtuvieron por isoelectroenfoque fracciones proteicas con pH entre 6.5 y 9.5; Se utilizaron diferentes concentraciones de la fracción pH 6.8 para llevar a cabo mezclas de reacción enzimática (ADP ribosiltransferasa) incubándolas con E. coli TL+ cepa H10407. En la reacción "in vivo" se empleo el intestino delgado de conejos machos albinos de la raza Nueva Zelanda formando asas ligadas, en las que se inocularon las mezclas de reacción enzimática antes mencionadas, así como las obtenidas con un heptapéptido sintético (182-190) de la secuencia de la proteína ARF de Giardia con la subunidad A de la toxina de Vibrio cholerae. La actividad de la toxina fue evaluada por la secreción de líquido luminal en las asas y la concentración de AMP cíclico en el tejido. Resultados: Al utilizar diferentes concentraciones de la fracción pH 6.8 se moduló la actividad de ADP ribosiltransferasa de la toxina TL+ de E. coli, considerando la disminución en el volumen de líquido luminal y AMPc en el tejido de las asas. Se observó el mismo resultado con el péptido sintético y la subunidad A de la toxina de V. cholerae. Conclusiones Se hizo evidente la presencia de una proteína ARF (Factor de ADP ribosilación) en la fracción proteica pH 6.8 aislada de G. Intestinalis, así como en el péptido sintético obtenido de la secuencia de la proteína ARF. La especificidad demostrada por la reacción "in vivo" infiere la posibilidad de modular del efecto patogénico de estas toxinas sobre epitelio intestinal abriendo la posibilidad de utilizarse en forma terapéutica.


Subject(s)
Adenylyl Cyclases , ADP-Ribosylation Factor 1 , Bacterial Toxins , Escherichia coli , In Vitro Techniques , Cell Separation , Giardia lamblia
4.
Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz ; 95(3): 345-52, May-Jun. 2000. ilus, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-258188

ABSTRACT

The PyAG1 gene, identified by the screening of a Plasmodium yoelii genomic DNA library with a rhoptry-specific Mab, encodes a protein with a zinc finger structure immediately followed by the consensus sequence of the Arf GAP catalytic site. The serum of mice immunized with the recombinant protein recognized specifically the rhoptries of the late infected erythrocytic stages. Blast analysis using the Genbank database gave the highest scores with four proteins presenting an Arf1 GAP activity. If presenting also this activity, the PyAG1 protein could be involved in the regulation of the secreted protein vesicular transport and, consequently, in the rhoptry biogenesis.


Subject(s)
Animals , Female , Mice , Rats , ADP-Ribosylation Factor 1/genetics , Genes, Protozoan , GTPase-Activating Proteins/genetics , Plasmodium yoelii/genetics , ADP-Ribosylation Factor 1/metabolism , Amino Acid Sequence , Arabidopsis/genetics , Base Sequence , Drosophila melanogaster/genetics , Fluorescent Antibody Technique , Genomic Library , GTPase-Activating Proteins/metabolism , Immunoblotting , Mice, Inbred BALB C , Plasmodium yoelii/immunology , Protozoan Proteins/genetics , Rats/genetics , Saccharomyces cerevisiae/genetics , Zinc Fingers
5.
Korean Journal of Immunology ; : 183-191, 1999.
Article in Korean | WPRIM | ID: wpr-83113

ABSTRACT

GTPrS-dependent phospholipase D activity in human neutrophils was investigated using exogenous phospholipid as a substrate. Both cytosolic and membrane- associated phospholipase D activities were identified. The previously described 50 kDa cytosolic activating factor was resolved chromatographically from the cytosolic phospholipase D. Using exogenous phospholipid as substrate along with chromatographically resolved 50 kDa factor and recombinant ADP-ribosylation factor 1, plasma membrane was required for activity, indicating that the activity which was previously seen using endogenous phospholipid substrate was due to a phospholipase D located in the plasma membrane. In addition, ADP-ribosylation factor and the 50 kDa factor activated synergistically. Using neutrophil plasma membranes, a third regulator of neutrophil membrane phospholipase D was identified from bovine brain cytosol. This factor was resolved from ADP-ribosylation factor and Rho A by successive column chromatographies. The brain factor showed a synergistic effect with the 50 kDa neutrophil activator but an additive effect with recombinant ADP- ribosylation factor. Whether or not ADP-ribosylation factor or the brain factor were present, high activities were seen only when the 50 kDa factor was present, indicating that the 50 kDa cytosolic factor is a major activating factor for the neutrophil plasma membrane phospholipase D.


Subject(s)
Humans , ADP-Ribosylation Factor 1 , ADP-Ribosylation Factors , Brain , Cell Membrane , Chromatography , Cytosol , Fibrinogen , Membranes , Neutrophils , Phospholipase D , Phospholipases
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